Dependence is when your body physically adapts to a medication, so stopping abruptly causes withdrawal symptoms like nausea, dizziness, or shaking. It means the brain has adapted to the drug. This occurs even with prescribed use and usually doesn’t involve cravings or compulsive behavior.
Addiction is a behavioral disorder, marked often by cravings and compulsive use despite negative consequences. It involves loss of control and using the substance even when it’s harmful, and may include physical dependence.
This distinction is recognized by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).